Clinical features and FGFR3 mutations of children with achondroplasia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical features and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene mutations of children with achondroplasia (ACH) through an analysis of 17 cases.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and FGFR3 gene detection results of 17 children with ACH who were diagnosed from January 2009 to October 2021.@*RESULTS@#Of the 17 children with ACH, common clinical manifestations included disproportionate short stature (100%, 17/17), macrocephaly (100%, 17/17), trident hand (82%, 14/17), and genu varum (88%, 15/17). The common imaging findings were rhizomelic shortening of the long bones (100%, 17/17) and narrowing of the lumbar intervertebral space (88%, 15/17). Major complications included skeletal dysplasia (100%, 17/17), middle ear dysfunction (82%, 14/17), motor/language developmental delay (88%, 15/17), chronic pain (59%, 10/17), sleep apnea (53%, 9/17), obesity (41%, 7/17), foramen magnum stenosis (35%, 6/17), and hydrocephalus (24%, 4/17). All 17 children (100%) had FGFR3 mutations, among whom 13 had c.1138G>A hotspot mutations of the FGFR3 gene, 2 had c.1138G>C mutations of the FGFR3 gene, and 2 had unreported mutations, with c.1252C>T mutations of the FGFR3 gene in one child and c.445+2_445+5delTAGG mutations of the FGFR3 gene in the other child.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This study identifies the unreported mutation sites of the FGFR3 gene, which extends the gene mutation spectrum of ACH. ACH is a progressive disease requiring lifelong management through multidisciplinary collaboration.

Transcriptomic analysis of the ΔPaLoc mutant of Clostridioides difficile and verification of its toxicity / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: Comparative analyses of wild-type Clostridioides difficile 630 (Cd630) strain and pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) knockout mutant (ΔPaLoc) by using RNA-seq technology. Analysis of differential expression of Cd630 wild-type strain and ΔPaLoc mutant strain and measurement of its cellular virulence changes. Lay the foundation for the construction of an toxin-attenuated vaccine strain against Clostridioides difficile. Methods: Analysis of Cd630 and ΔPaLoc mutant strains using high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq). Clustering differentially expressed genes and screening differentially expressed genes by DESeq software. Further analysis of differential genes using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. Finally, cytotoxicity assays of ΔPaLoc and Cd630 strains were performed in the African monkey kidney epithelial cell (Vero) and the human colonic cell (Caco-2) lines. Results: The transcriptome data showed that the ΔPaLoc mutant toxin genes tcdA and tcdB were not transcribed. Compared to the wild-type strain, CD630_36010, CD630_020910,CD630_02080 and cel genes upregulated 17.92,11.40,8.93 and 7.55 fold, respectively. Whereas the hom2 (high serine dehydrogenase), the CD630_15810 (spore-forming protein), CD630_23230 (zinc-binding dehydrogenase) and CD630_23240 (galactitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase) genes were down-regulated by 0.06, 0.075, 0.133 and 0.183 fold, respectively. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the differentially transcribed genes in ΔPaLoc were enriched in the density-sensing system, ABC transport system, two-component system, phosphotransferase (PTS) system, and sugar metabolism pathway, as well as vancomycin resistance-related pathways. Cytotoxicity assays showed that the ΔPaLoc mutant strain lost its virulence to Vero and Caco-2 cells compared to the wild-type Cd630 strain. Conclusion: Transcriptional sequencing analysis of the Cd630 and ΔPaLoc mutant strains showed that the toxin genes were not transcribed. Those other differential genes could provide a reference for further studies on the physiological and biochemical properties of the ΔPaLoc mutant strain. Cytotoxicity assays confirmed that the ΔPaLoc mutant lost virulence to Vero and Caco-2 cells, thus laying the foundation for constructing an toxin-attenuated vaccine strain against C. difficile.

Research on the lncRNA MALAT1 promoting the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of retinal vascular endothelial cells in diabetic retinopathy through the molecular axis of miR-124-3p/SOX7 / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the effect of lncRNA MALAT1 on the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of retinal vascular endothelial cells and its molecular mechanism.METHODS: The expression levels of lncRNA MALAT1 in plasma of normal control group, diabetic without retinopathy group and diabetic retinopathy group were detected by qPCR and the effect of glucose culture on the expression levels of lncRNA MALAT1 were detected by qPCR too. The expression level of miR-124-3p was detected by qRT-PCR; Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of SOX7; The targeting relationship between lncRNA MALAT1 and miR-124-3p, miR-124-3p and SOX7 were detected by the dual-luciferase reporter system; CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation activity; Transwell assay was used to detect the migration ability of cells; Angiogenesis of hRMECs cells was measured by in vitro tube formation assay.RESULTS:The expression level of lncRNA MALAT1 in plasma of diabetic retinopathy patients was significantly higher than that of diabetic without retinopathy group and normal control group(P<0.001). In vitro glucose culture significantly promoted the expression of lncRNA MALAT1 in hRMECs cells, as well as the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of hRMECs cells(all P<0.05). Knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and tubule formation of hRMECs cells(all P<0.05). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that lncRNA MALAT1 targeted with miR-124-3p, and miR-124-3p targeted with SOX7. Overexpression of miR-124-3p significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and tubule formation of hRMECs cells(all P<0.05). Overexpression of lncRNA MALAT1+miR-124-3p, miR-124-3p+SOX7, and knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1+overexpression of SOX7 all significantly eliminated the inhibitory effect of hRMECs cells(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: lncRNA MALAT1 promote the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of retinal endothelial cells in diabetic retinopathy by down-regulating the negative regulation of miR-124-3p on SOX7. Therefore, abnormal upregulation of lncRNA MALAT1 in patients with diabetic retinopathy is a potential biomarker.

Modified Banxia Baizhu Tianmatang Combined with Acupuncture for Migraine (Wind-phlegm Upset Syndrome) Observe / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe theclinical efficacy of modified Banxia Baizhu Tianmatang combined with acupuncture on migraine with wind phlegm disturbance syndrome， and the regulatory effect on neurovasoactive peptide and vascular endothelial activator. Method:Two hundred and fifty patients were randomly divided into control group （75 cases） and observation group （75 cases）. Patients in Two group got acupuncture for 6 times， 1 time/day， after a day of rest， they got placebogranules of Banxia Baizhu Tianmatang， 10 g/time， 2 times/day. Patients in observation group got Banxia Baizhu Tianmatang， 1 dose/day， and also the same acupuncture with the therapyof control group. And the treatment lasted for 4 weeks. At the half， 1^st， 2^nd， 6^th， 12^th， 24^th， and 48^th hour after treatment， VAS were scored， rate of pain relief within 6， 12， and 24 hours， disappearance rate and recurrence rate of pain within 72 hours， migraine attack times， headache duration and headache degree before 4 weeks of treatment， during the treatment and after the treatment were recorded. Before and after treatment， accompanying symptoms， wind phlegm disturbance syndrome， headache impact test version-6 （HIT-6） and the migraine disability assessment questionnaire （MIDAS） were scored. And levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP）， nitric oxide （NO）， endothelin-1 （ET-1）， pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide （PACAP）， S100B protein， substance P（SP）， von Willebrand factor （vWF） and fibrinogen （FIB） were detected. And safety was evaluated. Result:VAS in two groups decreased at different time points （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）， and VAS in observation group at 6^th， 12^th， 24^thand 48^th hour after treatment were lower than those in control group （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. The rate of pain relief in observation group at 6^th and 12^th hours after treatment and the disappearance rate of pain at 72^th hour were 67.14%（47/70）， 87.14% （61/70） and 92.86% （65/70）， which were higher than 50.00% （34/68）， 70.59% （48/68） and 79.41% （54/68） in control group. The recurrence rate of pain in observation group was 21.43% （15/70）， which was lower than 39.71% （27/68） in control group （<italic>P<</italic>0.05）. During the treatment and drug withdrawal， times of migraine attack， headache duration and headache degree were all less than those in control group （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. Scores of accompanying symptoms， wind phlegm disturbance syndrome， HIT-6 and MIDAS were all lower than those in control group （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. The clinical effect was better than that in control group （<italic>Z</italic>=2.106， <italic>P<</italic>0.05）. Levels of CGRP， PACAP， S100B protein， SP， ET-1， vWF and FIB were lower than those in control group， while level of NO was higher than control group （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. Conclusion:Modified Banxia Baizhu Tianmatang combined with acupuncture had a better instant analgesic effect， with a significant effect on continuing analgesia and reducing headache recurrence. It can also alleviate migraine symptoms and accompanying symptoms， andreduce the impact of migraine on daily life and the degree of disability. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of neurovasoactive peptides and vascular endothelial substances. It is worth for further study.

A predictive analysis of the association between clinical phenotypes and genotypes in children with Becker muscular dystrophy/Duchenne muscular dystrophy / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the association between clinical phenotypes and genotypes in children with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD)/Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) so as to provide a theoretical basis for disease management, gene therapy, and prenatal diagnosis.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data and gene detection results of 52 children with BMD/DMD. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to detect the DMD gene. The children with negative results of MLPA were further screened by exon chip capture combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS). The mothers of 20 probands were validated by sequencing.@*RESULTS@#The pathogenic genes for BMD/DMD were detected in 50 children by MLPA and NGS, with a detection rate of 96%. Among the 52 children, 36 (69%) had gene deletion, 7 (13%) had duplication, and 7 (13%) had micromutation. Among the 43 children with deletion/duplication, 32 had DMD and 11 had BMD; 37 children (86%) met the reading frame rule, among whom 27 (96%) had DMD and 10 (67%) had BMD. All 7 children with micromutation had DMD.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The reading frame rule has an extremely high predictive value for DMD but a limited predictive value for BMD.

Clinical Efficacy of Modified Qingyitang Combined with Blood Purification on Severe Acute Pancreatitis Complicated with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To explore the effect of modified Qingyitang combined with continuous blood purification in the adjuvant treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated with multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) caused by heat accumulation of viscera. Method::Totally 100 cases of patients of SAP complicated with MODS, who were diagnosed as heat accumulation of viscera by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and treated in ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine during May 2015 and May 2019, were randomly divided into two groups, namely control group and observation group, with 50 cases in each group. The patients in control group were treated with fasting and abstinence, gastrointestinal decompression, inhibition of trypsin secretion, gastric mucosal protection, early jejunal nutrition, reduction of inflammatory reaction, continuous blood purification (CBP), mechanical ventilation and circulatory support. The patients in observation group were treated by nasojejunal tube according to syndrome differentiation in addition to routine comprehensive therapy. Modified Qingyitang was injected for 7 days. The remission time of abdominal pain and distention, the time of first exhaust and defecation, the time of ICU residence, the number of samples falling off, the cause of death and the number of cases were recorded. Relevant indexes were measured before treatment, on the 3rd and 7th day of treatment, including the evaluation indexes of pancreatitis: blood amylase (AMS), blood lipase (LPS), and modified computed tomography severity index (MCTSI), inflammatory response indexes were interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Organ function indexes included APACHE-Ⅱ, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamyltransferase (γ-GGT), urine volume, creatinine (CREA), urea nitrogen (UREA), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CKMB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin (Mb). Tissue perfusion evaluation indexes included acute physiology and chronic health score, serum lactic acid (Lac) and central venous pressure (CVP). TCM treatment score was based on the syndrome score of acute pancreatitis with heat accumulation of viscera syndrome. Result::The total effective rate of TCM syndromes was 86.67%(39/45) in observation group and 73.91%(34/46) in control group (χ2 =13.524, P<0.01). On the 7th day of treatment, the symptoms and indicators of the two groups were improved. Compared with before treatment, AMS, LPS, IL-6, hs-CRP, MCTSI, APACHE-Ⅱ, Lac, CVP, PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, ALT and AST were improved on the 3rd and 7th day after treatment in observation group and control group. The levels of AMS, LPS, IL-6, hs-CRP, MCTSI, APACHE-Ⅱ, Lac, CVP, PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, ALT, AST, ALP, γ-GGT, urine volume were significantly improved (P<0.05). Compared with control group on the 3rd and 7th day, the levels of AMS, LPS, IL-6, hs-CRP, MCTSI, APACHE-Ⅱ, Lac, CVP, PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, ALT, AST, ALP, γ-GGT, urine volume were significantly improved (P<0.05). CREA, UREA, GFR, CK, CKMB, LDH and Mb were significantly improved (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the abdominal pain, abdominal distension relief time, first exhaust/defecation time, ICU stay time in observation group were significantly shortened (P<0.05), and the mortality rate in observation group was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion::Patients of SAP accompanied with MODS can be treated with blood purification combined with modified Qingyitang by promoting pancreas repair, inhibiting inflammation and improving organ function. It plays an important role in improving symptoms, alleviating TCM syndromes, delaying progression of disease, reducing hospital stay and reducing mortality.

Four new sesquiterpene derivatives from Dendrobium findlayanum / 中国天然药物

Three new sesquiterpene glycosides with alloaromadendrane and ylangene-derived type aglycones, named dendrofindlayanosides A-C (1-3), one new cyclopacamphane type sesquiterpene named dendrofindlayanobilin A (4), together with five known compounds have been isolated from stems of Dendrobium findlayanum. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Experience of GU Wei-chao in Treating Heart and Lung Diseases Through Application of Modified Shengxian Decoction / 中国中医药信息杂志

Professor GU Wei-chao is with great academic and clinical experience. He has thoughts in ZHANG Xi-chun's academic thoughts, especially his application of Zhang's theory. He added Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma, Agrimoniae Herba, Taxilli Herba, Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma, Corni Fructus, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle to Shengxian Decoction to make modified Shengxian Decoction to strengthen the efficacy of invigorating qi and ascending qi collapse, reinforcing heart and astringing qi, cultivating the essence and notifying kidney, and inducing resuscitation and allaying tiredness, with a purpose to treat sinking qi syndrome of heart and lung diseases and expand the application areas of Zhang's Shengxian Decoction. This article introduced experience of GU Wei-chao in treating heart and lung diseases by using modified Shengxian Decoction through three clinical cases of effusion after lung surgery, chest and heart pain and difficulties in breathing.

Effects of pargyline on histone methylation in promoter and enhancer regions and transcription of CYP3A4/3A7 / 药学学报

This study was designed to investigate effects of pargyline on histone methylation in the promoter and enhancer regions and transcription of cytochrome P450 3A4/3A7 (CYP3A4/3A7) gene. Human primary fetal liver cells were isolated, cultured and randomly divided into several groups including control, solvent, pargyline low, middle, high dose (treated with 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 mmol·L-1). HepG2 cells were cultured and treated with 0.03, 0.3, 3 mmol·L-1 pargyline. After 48 hours, total RNAs were prepared from the cells to determine the expression of CYP3A mRNA in primary fetal cells and HepG2 cells with real-time quantative PCR (qPCR). HepG2 cells were cultured and then treated with 3 mmol·L-1 pargyline for 48 hours. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was performed with dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me2), and IgG antibodies respectively. The precipitated DNA was resuspended and used for qPCR. Primers were used to detect different regions of CYP3A4/3A7 promoter and enhancer. Occupancy of H3K4me2 was shown as percent of input DNA relative to control cells. The results suggested that pargyline has an effect on primary fetal liver cells and HepG2 cells proliferation. The level of CYP3A7 was markedly enhanced in human primary fetal liver cells by treatment with 1.2, 2.4 mmol·L-1 of pargyline (P-1 of pargyline in HepG2 cells (P<0.001) compared with solvent control. Occupancy of H3K4me2 on human CYP3A4 promoter (-362 to +53) and enhancer segment (-7 836 to -6 093) harbored the overlapping hepatocyte nuclear factors 4A (HNF4A) binding site compared with a negative control. Occupancy of H3K4me2 on human CYP3A7 promoter (-163 to +103) and enhancer segment (-4 054 to -3 421, -6 265 to -6 247) overlapped with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding site. In conclusion, the enriched H3K4me2 in the promoter and enhancer regions was induced by pargyline with HNF4A or GR binding site in CYP3A4/3A7 gene to activate the corresponding genes.

Correlating transmural extent of acute myocardial infarction to left ventricular stain by mrifeature tracking / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective The left ventricular myocardial strain of acute myocardial infarction on cardiac magnetic resonance cine imaging was measured by feature tracking technique. The relationship between left ventricular myocardial strain and the transmural extent of Myocardial Infarction was evaluated. Methods 74 patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction were included. All theses patients received primary PCI within 12 hours. After 2 to 5 days. ECG gated steady-state free precession sequences were collected. Gadolinium contrast enhanced imaging was performed on short axis. 20 patients repeated same scan after 3 to 5 months. TomTec 2D CPA and Segment software were used to analyze the images. The peak values of the regional myocardial strain indexes. The transmural extent of myocardial infarction of segment in left ventricular was measured. Results There was no significant difference of longitudinal strain in non-infarction,non-transmural infarction and transmural infarction segments at the basal and middle segments. The circumferential strain peak and the radial strain peak of non-transmural infarction segments were lower than those of the non-infarction segments. The circumferential strain of transmural infarction segments were the lowest(basal level:-14.24％±9.05％,P<0.05;middle level:-12.71％±8.92％,P<0.05;apical level:-13.81％±11.13％, P<0.05). GLS was improved while LVDd was increased when compared the acute phase of myocardial infarction to that of 3-5 months after primary PCI. The circumferential strain and longitudinal strain of the non-transmural infarction segments was improved. The circumferential strain and radial strain of the transmural infarction segments 3-5 months later was improved as compared to the acute phase. Conclusions There was differences in myocardial strain in non-infarction,non-transmural infarction and transmural infarction segments from patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction who had accepted primary PCI. The circumferential strain and longitudinal strain of the non-transmural infarction segments were improved after 3-5 months. The circumferential strain and radial strain of the transmural infarction segments after 3-5 months was improved as compared to the acute phase. Cardiac Magnetic resonance could combine feature tracking technique with gadolinium contrast delayed enhancement technique,giving both function and tissue characteristic evaluation to the myocardial damages after acute myocardial infarction.

Efficacy of mild hypothermia therapy on pulmonary function in ARDS dogs / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the efficacy of mild hypothermia therapy on pulmonary function in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) dogs. Methods A total of 25 healthy dogs were included and randomly divided into two groups, mild hypothermia treatment group (experimental group, n=12) and normothermia treatment group (control group, n=13). The E. coli was pumped continuously into the canine femoral vein by micro pump to construct the septic shock model in two groups. The hypothermia experimental group was treated with hypothermia (33℃±1℃), and the control group was observed at room temperature. The pulmonary hemodynamic parameters and respiratory mechanics parameters were supervised by PICCO and respirator respectively at 0, 24 and 48 h during the ARDS progress. Moreover, chest X-ray and lung tissue biopsy were taken to confirm the diagnosis of ARDS after 72 h. Results Up to 72 h, ARDS was found in the experimental group (n=4) and the control group (n=7) respectively. The oxygenation index (OI), partial pressure of oxygen [p(O2)] and pulmonary static compliance (Cst) decreased gradually with the extension of time in two groups. On the contrary, the external venous lung water index (EVLWI), pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) and airway resistance (Raw) increased gradually (P<0.05). However, all the parameters were significantly better in mild hypothermia group than those of the normothermia group. Conclusion Mild hypothermia therapy can improve the pulmonary function and reduce the severity of ARDS in septic shock dogs.

On Introducing Professor Fu Huazhou's Clinical Experiences for Alopecia Areata / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective] To sum up Pro. Fu Huazhou’s clinical experience in treating alopecia areata. [Method] By following the teacher clinic and sorting out the related medical materials. Summarize the mentor's academic view and clinical experience in the differentiation and treatment of alopecia areata, for proven cases.[Result] In professor Fu Huazhou's opinion, alopecia areata disease in Shaoyin and Jueyin, more close relationship with liver and kidney, virtual in the clinical setting is more, which is given priority to liver and kidney deficiency, embodies the JingXie homology, qi complement each other in the body, qi deficiency, blood deficiency, blood deficiency is also empty gas, the lung and fur, deficiency of lung function of dispersing pertains to drop, more hair loss. Alopecia areata can be roughly divided into blood deficiency and excessive wind, qi and blood stasis, qi and blood deficiency, liver and kidney deficiency syndrome and treatment according to patients' clinical performance, treats dialectically, and leaching liquid combination traditional Chinese medicine for external use at the same time, helps new hair regeneration, curative effect is remarkable. [Conclusion] Fu Huazhou ’s treatment of alopecia areata from liver and kidney, internal and external use, shows originality, curative effect, worth learning and promotion.

Improvement in cardiac morphology and function in young rats with dilated cardiomyopathy by recombinant human growth hormone / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on the morphology and function of the left cardiac ventricle in young rats with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rhGH in the treatment of DCM.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally assigned to control group, DCM group, and rhGH group. Furazolidone (0.25 mg/g) was given by gavage for 12 weeks to prepare the DCM model. Rats in the rhGH group received an intraperitoneal injection of rhGH (0.15 U/kg) once per day for 12 weeks, while rats in the DCM group received an equal volume of normal saline instead. Rats in the control group did not receive any treatment. Cardiac indices, serum biochemical parameters, hemodynamic indices, cardiac histopathological changes, and levels of myocardial collagen fibrils in each group were determined using Doppler echocardiography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, multi-channel physiological recorder, light and electron microscopy, and picrosirius red staining plus polarization microscopy, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, rats in the DCM group had significantly increased cardiac chamber size, significantly reduced ventricular wall thickness, and significantly decreased fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) (P<0.05). Rats in the rhGH group had significantly improved cardiac chamber size, ventricular wall thickness, FS, and EF compared with the DCM group (P<0.05). Those indices in the rhGH group were similar to those in the control group (P>0.05). There were significant differences in serum biochemical parameters and hemodynamic indices between the DCM and control groups (P<0.05). Compared with the DCM group, the rhGH group had significantly improved serum biochemical parameters and hemodynamic indices (P<0.05). Those indices in the rhGH group were similar to those in the control group (P>0.05), except for the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3. The DCM group had a significantly higher collagen type I/collagen type III (Col I/Col III) ratio in the myocardium than the control group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the Col I/Col III ratio between the control and rhGH groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>rhGH plays a certain role in improvement in the morphology and function of the left cardiac ventricle in young rats with DCM.</p>

Over-expression of testis-specific expressed gene 1 attenuates the proliferation and induces apoptosis of GC-1spg cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The effects of over-expression of testis-specific expressed gene 1 (TSEG-1) on the viability and apoptosis of cultured spermatogonial GC-1spg cells were investigated, and the immortal spermatogonial cell line GC-1spg (CRL-2053™) was obtained as the cell model in order to explore the function of TSEG-1. We transfected the eukaryotic vector of TSEG-1, named as pEGFP-TSEG-1 into cultured spermatogonial GC-1spg cells. Over-expression of TSEG-1 inhibited the proliferation of GC-1spg cells, and arrested cell cycle slightly at G0/G1 phase. Transfection of TSEG-1 attenuated the transcript levels of Ki-67, PCNA and cyclin D1. In addition, over-expression of TSEG-1 induced early and late apoptosis, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of GC-1spg cells. Moreover, transfection of TSEG-1 significantly enhanced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and transcript levels of caspase 9, and decreased the expression of Fas and caspase 8 in GC-1spg cells. These results indicated over-expression of TSEG-1 suppresses the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of GC-1spg cells, which establishes a basis for further study on the function of TSEG-1.

Effect of FK506 nanospheres on regeneration of allogeneic nerve after transplant

OBJECTIVE@#To discuss effect of FK506 nanospheres used at different time on the regeneration of allogeneic nerve after transplant.@*METHODS@#Single emulsion-solvent evaporation method (O/W) was adopted to prepare the FK506 nanospheres and the tibial nerve of rats after allogeneic transplantation. FK506 nanospheres were used in group A after operation immediately, in group B in 24 h after operation, and in group C in 3 d after operation while FK506 nanospheres were not used in group D; in the 4th, 8th and 12th week after operation respectively, general observation of transplanted nerves, histological examination, image analysis of myelinated fibers, wet-weight determination of musculi triceps surae, retrogradely labeling of neurons by the fluorescein and electrophysiological comparison of bilateral tibial nerve were carried out.@*RESULTS@#FK506 nanospheres can be degraded and absorbed quickly. The neural regenerations in group A and B were similar, which were both much better than those in group C and D. The difference was statistically significant and so was the difference between group C and D.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Drug release rate of FK506 nanospheres is accordant with the regeneration law of damaged nerves and the local application can promote the regenerations of nerves. The effect would be better if the drug is used in earlier period (within 24 h).

Over-expression of testis-specific expressed gene 1 attenuates the proliferation and induces apoptosis of GC-1spg cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The effects of over-expression of testis-specific expressed gene 1 (TSEG-1) on the viability and apoptosis of cultured spermatogonial GC-1spg cells were investigated, and the immortal spermatogonial cell line GC-1spg (CRL-2053™) was obtained as the cell model in order to explore the function of TSEG-1. We transfected the eukaryotic vector of TSEG-1, named as pEGFP-TSEG-1 into cultured spermatogonial GC-1spg cells. Over-expression of TSEG-1 inhibited the proliferation of GC-1spg cells, and arrested cell cycle slightly at G0/G1 phase. Transfection of TSEG-1 attenuated the transcript levels of Ki-67, PCNA and cyclin D1. In addition, over-expression of TSEG-1 induced early and late apoptosis, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of GC-1spg cells. Moreover, transfection of TSEG-1 significantly enhanced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and transcript levels of caspase 9, and decreased the expression of Fas and caspase 8 in GC-1spg cells. These results indicated over-expression of TSEG-1 suppresses the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of GC-1spg cells, which establishes a basis for further study on the function of TSEG-1.

Current status and urban-rural comparison of clinical agency of detection, management, and health insurance for hypertensive patients in communities of five provinces in China in 2010 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the status of the clinical agency of detection, management, and health insurance for hypertensive patients in urban and rural communities of five provinces in China in 2010, in order to provide fundamental data for implementation and evaluation of community health management of hypertensive patients in basic public health service.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Sichuan and Gansu provinces, cities and districts (counties) were selected according to economic development level and 10 survey sites were finally determined. In each survey site, 3-4 communities or townships were selected by cluster sampling methods in 2010. A total of 8326 eligible hypertensive patients (4363 in urban and 3963 in rural) were included. The urban-rural difference of clinical agency and health insurance was compared for hypertensive patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In urban areas, 43.74% (1867/4268) hypertensive patients were first diagnosed at hospitals of district level or above, 25.07% (1070/4268) at community health service centers (CHSC), and 20.20% (862/4268) at community health service stations (CHSS), respectively; 30.72% (1274/4147) and 31.11% (1290/4147) patients chose CHSC and CHSS for their follow-up visiting, respectively; 60.23% (3073/5102) antihypertensive medication was obtained from pharmacies. In rural areas, 54.58% (2133/3908) hypertensive patients were first diagnosed at village clinics, 22.36% (874/3908) at township hospitals, and 18.86% (737/3908) at hospitals of county level or above; 70.49% (2695/3823) patients chose village clinics for their follow-up visiting; 46.23% (2116/4577) antihypertensive medication was obtained from village clinics, and 36.29% (1661/4577) from pharmacies. The main reasons for choosing clinical agency for both urban and rural patients were convenience (45.79%, 6276/13 706) and low cost (11.78%, 1614/13 706). The proportions of reimbursements for hospitalization expenses and total medical expenses for hypertensive patients in urban in the past year were 66.67% and 34.78%, respectively, which were much higher than those in rural (35.71% and 9.50%) (Z value was -12.13 and -17.56, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Community-based hypertension detection and routine blood pressure measurement during clinical visiting should be further strengthened to improve early diagnosis of hypertension. The development of community-based clinical agency should be able to provide convenient and low cost health service for hypertensive patients to improve treatment, follow-up and control of hypertension.</p>

Sero-epidemiological investigation on hepatitis B among permanent residents in Shenzhen area / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the infection status and epidemiological features of HBV in permanent residents of Shenzhen city.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was performed for questionnaire survey to permanently-registered residents of 1-59 years old in Luohu and Baoan district of Shenzhen in 2010, and blood samples of the subjects were collected. Hepatitis B virus-related surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus surface antibody (anti-HBs) were detected with ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total 3771 studied population showed 252 HBsAg positive and 2712 anti-HBs positive residents with the standardization prevalence as 9.73% and 72.83% , respectively. The difference of the prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs between males and females were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg was reduced with increasing age. The differences of the prevalence of HBsAg between Shenzhen permanent registered and non-permanent registered population were not significant, but the prevalence of anti-HBs in Permanent registered residents (78.32%) was higher than in non-permanent (66.03%, χ(2) = 41.613, P < 0.001). The prevalence of HBsAg was significantly different in various occupational and educational levels. Peasants had the highest prevalence (24.13%) and medical workers had the highest prevalence of anti-HBs (89.10% ). People with junior high school education had the highest prevalence of HBsAg (12.76%) and the lowest of anti-HBs (62.45%). Population with high-level education had the highest prevalence of anti-HBs(81.00% average). The prevalence of HBsAg was over 10% in people who were born in Shenzhen and Guangdong province, and the anti-HBs was the highest in Shenzhen population with the prevalence as 74.48% and 76.47% , respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the Shenzhen resident population, the overall prevalence of HBV was lower than the average level of Guangdong province, but higher than the national wide.</p>

Clinical value of double respiratory navigator-gated high-resolution black-blood coronary artery wall magnetic resonance imaging / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the value of phase ordering with automatic window selection(PAWS)and simultaneous multiple volume(SMV)algorithm double respiratory navigator-gated two-dimensional(2DNAV)dual inversion recovery(DIR)fast spin echo(FSE)high-resolution black-blood coronary artery wall magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and evaluate its advantages and limitations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PAWS and SMV 2DNAV DIR FSE high-resolution black-blood MRI was performed in 21 healthy volunteers. The images were evaluated qualitatively by using four grades(grade 0can not evaluate;grade 1bad;grade 2good;grade 3perfect). Images defined as grade 0 and grade 1 were excluded and those defined as grade 2 and 3 were evaluated further. Thickness of proximal(or middle)segment of right coronary artery(RCA)and left anterior descending branch(LAD)were measured. The difference of wall thickness was analyzed by using two-tailed independent sample t-test. P values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 38 slice images,31 slices(RCA13 slices,LAD18 slices;grade 214 slices,grade 317 slices)were obtained for further evaluation. The mean thickness of RCA and LAD was(0.94±0.16)and(0.89±0.15)mm,respectively,and the difference was not significant(t=-0.790,P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PAWS and SMV algorithm 2DNAV DIR FSE high-resolution black-blood MRI has certain clinical value for coronary artery wall imaging.</p>

Hyperammonemia-induced hepatic injury in rats: characterization of a new animal model / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an accurate new rat model of hyperammonemia-induced liver injury for use in studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying acute liver failure (ALF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were administered D-galactosamine (400 mg/kg) and endotoxin (50 mug/kg) via intraperitoneal injection to induce ALF and sacrificed at 12 h post-injection (ALF-12 group, n = 10) or 24 h post-injection (ALF-24 group, n = 16). Ten rats administered physiological saline served as the control group. In addition, 20 rats were given serial oral administrations of 10% NH4Cl solution (10 ml/kg, every 8 hrs) to establish the hyperammonemia-induced liver injury model; an additional 20 rats were prepared in parallel to serve as the ALF control group (n = 10; D-galactosamine at 800 mg/kg every 6 d for 30 days) and the physiological saline control group (n = 10). Serum samples were collected from each mouse and used to detect markers of liver function, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alpha-fetal protein (AFP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), as well as blood ammonia (BA) level and prothrombin time activity (PT-A). Affects on liver histology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining of resected liver tissues, and on apoptosis by TUNEL assay and calculating the apoptotic index (AI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ALF rats showed elevated levels of ALT (1202.51+/-282.00 U/L), AST (1560.14+/-298.98 U/L), and BA (165.9+/-23.6 mumol/L) as early as 6 hrs after model establishment; these levels peaked at 12 hrs after model establishment (ALT: 774.40+/-207.65 U/L; AST: 967.60+/-121.94 U/L; BA: 143.4+/-18.1 mumol/L; P less than 0.05). No significant variations were detected in the levels of AFP (except for the ALF-24 group) or GGT. Liver tissues of the ALF-12 and ALF-24 groups showed large or diffuse hemorrhagic necroses with sinusoidal congestion or spotty bleeding, as well as increased AI. Hyperammonemia-induced liver injury rats showed elevated levels of ALT and BA as early as 6 hrs after model establishment. Similar to the ALF rats, AFP and GGT were unaffected and AI increased. However, in contrast to the ALF rats, the liver tissues of the hyperammonemia-induced liver injury rats showed no signs of hepatocyte swelling, necrosis, or inflammatory cell invasion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ALF rats and hyperammonemia-induced liver injury rats have elevated BA and marked hepatocyte necrosis. Given that reducing the level of ammonemia can improve the animal's biochemistry indexes, it is likely that hyperammonemia plays a role in acute liver injury or ALF consequent to repeated injury. The pathogenic mechanisms of repeated injury may involve promotion of hepatocyte apoptosis in conjunction with inhibition of cellular regeneration.</p>